Epigenetics is the study of how your habits and environment can influence how your genes function. Epigenetic changes, unlike genetic changes, are reversible and do not alter your DNA sequence; rather, they can alter how your body interprets a DNA sequence. Gene expression refers to the frequency with which proteins are produced from the instructions contained within your genes. While genetic changes can affect which proteins are produced, epigenetic changes affect gene expression, which controls whether genes are turned on or off. It's easy to see the link between your genes and your attitudes and environment because your environment and habits, such as diet and exercise, can cause epigenetic changes. You're more likely to get cancer if you have certain mutations. Similarly, some epigenetic changes raise your cancer risk. You're more likely to get breast and other cancers if you have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene that prevents it from functioning properly. Similarly, increased DNA methylation increases your risk of breast and other cancers by reducing BRCA1 gene expression. While cancer cells have higher DNA methylation levels at specific genes, overall DNA methylation levels in cancer cells are lower than in normal cells. Different types of cancer may have different DNA methylation patterns, even though they appear to be the same. Epigenetics can be used to assess which type of cancer a person has or to discover cancers that are difficult to detect earlier. Epigenetics cannot detect cancer on its own, and cancers must be confirmed with additional screening tests. Polyploidy, also known as whole-genome duplication (WGD), is a common genomic feature in eukaryotes, particularly in plants and animals. Polyploidy's widespread occurrence suggests that having different sets of genetic material for adaptive evolution has an evolutionary advantage. Increased gene and genome dosages, on the other hand, often cause genome instabilities, chromosome imbalances, regulatory incompatibilities, and reproductive failures in autopolyploids (duplications of a single genome) and allopolyploids (combinations of two or more divergent genomes). Those who are interested to publish their article in our journal, they can submit it either send it as an email attachment to this below given mail id or submit it online through given link: https://www.longdom.org/submissions/medical-surgical-pathology.html

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Journal of Medical and Surgical Pathology

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ISSN: 2472-4971 | NLM ID: 101245791