Swollen lymph nodes are enlarged lymph nodes, which normally are bean-sized packets of immune cells that function as a vital part of the body’s immune system. Swollen lymph nodes symptoms can also include tenderness, firmness and warmth. Lymphadenitis, lymphadenopathy, swollen nodes, and swollen glands are other names for having swollen lymph nodes.

The main lymphoproliferative symptoms in ALPS are enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. While spleen enlargement can be severe in children with ALPS, splenic rupture is very rare. The swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, and groin are usually the most noticeable symptoms of the disease. Sometimes, these enlarged lymph nodes are confused with cancer of the lymph gland, or lymphoma. Large, visible lymph nodes are normal for many people with ALPS. It also is normal for lymph nodes to change somewhat in size, shape, or feel over time. Such changes are usually not indicative of lymphoma.

There are more than 600 lymph nodes throughout the body. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck/one side of the neck, under the chin, in the armpits, and in the groin generate symptoms most frequently because of their superficial location. They can occur in any age group or population, but generally occur most often in children.

Your body relies on the lymphoid system to fight off germs, infections, and abnormal substances, such as cancer cells. These microscopic battles often occur within lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are an important part of your body’s immune system. Common swollen lymph nodes causes include infection, malignancy and autoimmune disorders. Vaccination can also cause swollen lymph nodes as your body builds immunity to the vaccine.

Swollen lymph nodes due to a viral infection often get better without treatment. However, some infections that are due to bacteria or other pathogens need medical attention.

Prominent findings suggesting an ALPS diagnosis include elevated levels of CD4- and CD8-negative T lymphocytes, called double-negative T cells. Lab tests also can confirm defects in apoptosis of lymphocytes, which is highly suggestive of ALPS. Additionally, an increase in serum vitamin B12 can indicate lymphoproliferation in the form of ALPS caused by mutations in the FAS gene (ALPS-FAS). NIAID scientists also found that people with ALPS-FAS tend to have much higher B12 levels than do healthy people without this condition.

Doctors may perform additional blood tests to help diagnose ALPS. Other markers that may be elevated in ALPS include plasma interleukin-10; plasma interleukin-18; immunoglobulin subtypes IgG, IgA, and IgM; absolute monocyte count; absolute eosinophil count; anticardiolipin antibody; and antinuclear antibody. In contrast, people with ALPS often have abnormally low levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein) and total cholesterol.

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