Urbanization is an inevitable trend in the modernization of human society. The Chinese government has put forward a goal for urbanization in China in 2014, which focuses on the three tasks,† each containing 100 million people. In the next 10 years, China’s urbanization process will occur at the fastest rate in her history. Earth’s near surface, which extends from the ground surface to a depth of nearly 100 m, is the most complex, sensitive, and fragile part of the planet. The near surface provides the vast majority of necessary materials, along with substantial space for human living. Therefore, China’s urbanization relies on a “healthy” and sustainable near surface.With broad applications in environmental and engineering fields, geophysical techniques are of great significance in the sustainable development of the near surface. Geophysical techniques with high accuracy and high resolution (i.e., centimeter to meter magnitude) are now available to solve various engineering and environmental problems. However, the increasing demands for resources, near-surface space usage, and environmental protection that come with the next wave of China’s urbanization require advanced noninvasive, nondestructive, and environmentally friendly geophysical techniques that can be used in a noisy urban environment and that possess higher accuracy and higher resolution.

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Geology and Geophysics

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